An analyst modified a data set that had a number of issues. Given the original and modified versions:

Which of the following data manipulation techniques did the analyst use?

Correct Answer:B
The correct answer is B. Recoding.
Recoding is a data manipulation technique that involves changing the values or categories of a variable to make it more suitable for analysis. Recoding can be used to simplify or group the data, to correct errors or inconsistencies, or to create new variables from existing ones12
In the example, the analyst used recoding to change the values of Var001, Var002, Var003, and Var004 from numerical to textual form. The analyst also used recoding to assign meaningful labels to the values, such as ??Absent?? for 0, ??Present?? for 1, ??Low?? for 2, ??Medium?? for 3, and ??High?? for 4. This makes the data more understandable and easier to analyze.

Which of the following is a domain-specific language used in programming that is designed for managing data that is held in a relational data stream management system?

Correct Answer:B
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming, specifically designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). It is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database. Unlike languages like Python or R, which are general-purpose programming languages, SQL is tailored specifically for database management and manipulation.
References:
✑ ResearchGate article on SQL1.
✑ SpringerLink chapter on Relational Databases and SQL Language2.
✑ DataCamp tutorial on SQL Server Installation3.
✑ Wikipedia page on SQL4.

Samantha needs to share a list of her organization's top 50 customers with the VP of sales.
She would like to include the name of the customer, the business they represent, their contact information, and their total sales over the past year.
The VP does not have any specialized analytics skills or software but would like to make some personal notes on the dataset.
What would be the best tool for Samantha to use to share this information?

Correct Answer:B
Microsoft Excel.
This scenario presents a very simple use case where the business leader needs a dataset in an easy-to-access form and will not be performing any detailed analysis.
A simple spreadsheet, such as Microsoft Excel, would be the best tool for this job. There is no need to use a statistical analysis package, such as SAS or Minitab, as this would likely confuse the VP without adding any value. The same is true of an integrated analytics suite, such as Power BI.

Different people manually type a series of handwritten surveys into an online database. Which of the following issues will MOST likely arise with this data? (Choose two.)

Correct Answer:AE
✑ Data accuracy refers to the extent to which the data is correct, reliable, and free of errors. When different people manually type a series of handwritten surveys into an online database, there is a high chance of human error, such as typos, misinterpretations, omissions, or duplications. These errors can affect the quality and validity of the data and lead to incorrect or misleading analysis and decisions.
✑ Data consistency refers to the extent to which the data is uniform and compatible across different sources, formats, and systems. When different people manually type a series of handwritten surveys into an online database, there is a high chance of inconsistency, such as different spellings, abbreviations, formats, or standards. These inconsistencies can affect the integration and comparison of the data and lead to confusion or conflicts.
Therefore, to ensure data quality, it is important to have clear and consistent rules and procedures for data entry, validation, and verification. It is also advisable to use automated tools or methods to reduce human error and inconsistency.

Which of the following is an example of a flat file?

Correct Answer:A
A CSV file is a type of flat file that stores data as plain text in a table-like structure with rows and columns. Each row represents a single record, while columns represent fields or attributes of the data. A CSV file uses commas or other delimiters to separate the values in each row. A CSV file can be easily imported or exported by various applications and programs12

Which of the ing is the correct ion for a tab-delimited spre file?

Correct Answer:C
A tab-delimited spreadsheet file is a type of flat text file that uses tabs as delimiters to separate data values in a table. The file extension for a tab-delimited spreadsheet file is usually .tsv, which stands for tab-separated values. Therefore, the correct answer is C. References: [Tab-separated values - Wikipedia], [What is a TSV File?
| How to Open, Edit & Convert TSV Files]