AWS-Solution-Architect-Associate Amazon Exam Questions and Free Practice Test

Question 79

Your system recently experienced down time during the troubleshooting process. You found that a new administrator mistakenly terminated several production EC2 instances.
Which of the following strategies will help prevent a similar situation in the future? The administrator still must be able to:
- launch, start stop, and terminate development resources.
- launch and start production instances.

A. Create an IAM user, which is not allowed to terminate instances by leveraging production EC2 termination protection.

B. Leverage resource based tagging along with an IAM user, which can prevent specific users from terminating production EC2 resources.

C. Leverage EC2 termination protection and multi-factor authentication, which together require users to authenticate before terminating EC2 instances

D. Create an IAM user and apply an IAM role which prevents users from terminating production EC2 instances.

Correct Answer:B
Working with volumes
When an API action requires a caller to specify multiple resources, you must create a policy statement that allows users to access all required resources. If you need to use a Condition element with one or more of these resources, you must create multiple statements as shown in this example.
The following policy allows users to attach volumes with the tag "volume_user=iam-user-name" to instances with the tag "department=dev", and to detach those volumes from those instances. If you attach this policy to an IAM group, the aws:username policy variable gives each IAM user in the group permission to attach or detach volumes from the instances with a tag named voIume_ user that has his or her IAM user name as a value.
{
"Version": "2012-10-I7",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "A||ow", "Action": [ "ec2:AttachVoIume",
"ec2:DetachVoIume" I,
"Resource": "arn :aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instanee/*", "Condition": {
"StringEqua|s": { "ec2:ResourceTag/department": "dev" I
I I,
{
"Effect": "A||ow", "Action": [ "ec2:AttachVoIume", "ec2:DetachVoIume" I,
"Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:voIume/*", "Condition": {
"StringEqua|s": {
"ec2:ResourceTag/voIume_user": "${aws:username}" I
I I I I
Launching instances (Runlnstances)
The Runlnstances API action launches one or more instances. Runlnstances requires an AM and creates an instance; and users can specify a key pair and security group in the request. Launching into EC2-VPC requires a subnet, and creates a network interface. Launching from an Amazon EBS-backed AM creates a volume. Therefore, the user must have permission to use these Amazon EC2 resources. The caller can also configure the instance using optional parameters to Run Instances, such as the instance type and a subnet. You can create a policy statement that requires users to specify an optional parameter, or restricts users to particular values for a parameter. The examples in this section demonstrate some of the many possible ways that you can control the configuration of an instance that a user can launch.
Note that by default, users don't have permission to describe, start, stop, or terminate the resulting instances. One way to grant the users permission to manage the resulting instances is to create a specific tag for each instance, and then create a statement that enables them to manage instances with that tag. For more information, see 2: Working with instances.
a. AMI
The following policy allows users to launch instances using only the AM|s that have the specified tag, "department=dev", associated with them. The users can't launch instances using other ANI Is because the Condition element of the first statement requires that users specify an AM that has this tag. The users also can't launch into a subnet, as the policy does not grant permissions for the subnet and network interface resources. They can, however, launch into EC2-Ciassic. The second statement uses a wildcard to enable users to create instance resources, and requires users to specify the key pair
project_keypair and the security group sg-1a2b3c4d. Users are still able to launch instances without a key pair.
{
"Version": "2012-10-I7",
"Statement": [{ I,
{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-*" I,
"Condition": { "StringEqua|s": {
"ec2:ResourceTag/department": "dev" I
I I,
{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*",
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/project_keypair",
"arn :aws :ec2: region: account:security-group/sg-1a 2b3c4d" I
I
}
Alternatively, the following policy allows users to launch instances using only the specified AMIs, ami-9e1670f7 and ami-45cf5c3c. The users can't launch an instance using other AMIs (unless another statement grants the users permission to do so), and the users can't launch an instance into a subnet.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [
"arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-9e1670f7", "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-45cf5c3c", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:security-group/*"
}
}
Alternatively, the following policy allows users to launch instances from all AMs owned by Amazon. The Condition element of the first statement tests whether ec2:0wner is amazon. The users can't launch an instance using other AM Is (unless another statement grants the users permission to do so).
The users are able to launch an instance into a subnet. "Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "A| low",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-*" l,
"Condition": { "StringEqua|s": { "ec2:0wner": "amazon"
}
},
{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource" : [ "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:subnet/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*",
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:security-group/*"
I
} I
}
b. Instance type
The following policy allows users to launch instances using only the t2.micro or t2.sma|I instance type, which you might do to control costs. The users can't launch larger instances because the Condition element of the first statement tests whether ec2:1nstanceType is either t2.micro or t2.smaII.
{
"Version": "2012-10-I7",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "A| low",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*" I,
"Condition": { "StringEqua|s": {
"ec2:1nstanceType": ["t2.micro", "t2.smaII"]
}
}
},
{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:subnet/*",
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:security-group/*"
I
} I
}
Alternatively, you can create a policy that denies users permission to launch any instances except t2.micro and t2.sma|I instance types.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*" l,
"Condition": { "StringNotEqua|s": {
"ec2:1nstanceType": ["t2.micro", "t2.smaII"]
}
}
},
{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-*",
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:network-interface/* "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:subnet/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:security-group/*"
}
}
c. Subnet
The following policy allows users to launch instances using only the specified subnet, subnet-12345678. The group can't launch instances into any another subnet (unless another statement grants the users permission to do so). Users are still able to launch instances into EC2-Ciassic.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [
"arn :aws :ec2: region:account:subnet/subnet-123456 78",
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:security-group/*"
}
}
Alternatively, you could create a policy that denies users permission to launch an instance into any other subnet. The statement does this by denying permission to create a network interface, except where subnet subnet-12345678 is specified. This denial overrides any other policies that are created to allow launching instances into other subnets. Users are still able to launch instances into EC2-Classic.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*" l,
"Condition": { "ArnNotEquaIs": {
"ec2:Subnet": "arn :aws:ec2:region:account:subnet/subnet-12345678"
}
}
},
{
"Effect": "A||ow",
"Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws:ec2:region::image/ami-*",
"arn:aws:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:subnet/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:voIume/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws:ec2:region:account:security-group/*"
}
}

Question 80

You have some very sensitive data stored on AWS S3 and want to try every possible alternative to keeping it secure in regards to access control. What are the mechanisms available for access control on AWS S3?

A. (IAM) policies, Access Control Lists (ACLs), bucket policies, and query string authentication.

B. (IAM) policies, Access Control Lists (ACLs) and bucket policies.

C. Access Control Lists (ACLs), bucket policies, and query string authentication

D. (IAM) policies, Access Control Lists (ACLs), bucket policies, query string authentication and encryption.

Correct Answer:A
Amazon S3 supports several mechanisms that give you filexibility to control who can access your data as well as how, when, and where they can access it.
Amazon S3 provides four different access control mechanisms:
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies, Access Control Lists (ACLs), bucket policies, and query string authentication.
IAM enables organizations to create and manage multiple users under a single AWS account. With IAM policies, you can grant IAM users fine-grained control to your Amazon S3 bucket or objects. You can use ACLs to selectively add (grant) certain permissions on indMdual objects.
Amazon S3 bucket policies can be used to add or deny permissions across some or all of the objects within a single bucket.
With Query string authentication, you have the ability to share Amazon S3 objects through URLs that are valid for a specified period of time.

Question 81

Your startup wants to implement an order fulfillment process for selling a personalized gadget that needs an average of 3-4 days to produce with some orders taking up to 6 months you expect 10 orders per day on your first day. 1000 orders per day after 6 months and 10,000 orders after 12 months.
Orders coming in are checked for consistency men dispatched to your manufacturing plant for production quality control packaging shipment and payment processing If the product does not meet the quality standards at any stage of the process employees may force the process to repeat a step Customers are notified via email about order status and any critical issues with their orders such as payment failure.
Your case architecture includes AWS Elastic Beanstalk for your website with an RDS MySQL instance for customer data and orders.
How can you implement the order fulfillment process while making sure that the emails are delivered reliably?

A. Add a business process management application to your Elastic Beanstalk app servers and re-use the ROS database for tracking order status use one of the Elastic Beanstalk instances to send emails to customers.

B. Use SWF with an Auto Scaling group of actMty workers and a decider instance in another Auto Scaling group with min/max=I Use the decider instance to send emails to customers.

C. Use SWF with an Auto Scaling group of actMty workers and a decider instance in another Auto Scaling group with min/max=I use SES to send emails to customers.

D. Use an SOS queue to manage all process tasks Use an Auto Scaling group of EC2 Instances that poll the tasks and execute the

E. Use SES to send emails to customers.

Correct Answer:C

Question 82

A web design company currently runs several FTP servers that their 250 customers use to upload and download large graphic files They wish to move this system to AWS to make it more scalable, but they wish to maintain customer privacy and Keep costs to a minimum.
What AWS architecture would you recommend?

A. ASK their customers to use an 53 client instead of an FTP clien

B. Create a single 53 bucket Create an IAM user for each customer Put the IAM Users in a Group that has an IAM policy that permits access to sub-directories within the bucket via use of the 'username' Policy variable.

C. Create a single 53 bucket with Reduced Redundancy Storage turned on and ask their customers to use an 53 client instead of an FTP client Create a bucket for each customer with a Bucket Policy that permits access only to that one customer.

D. Create an auto-scaling group of FTP servers with a scaling policy to automatically scale-in when minimum network traffic on the auto-scaling group is below a given threshol

E. Load a central list of ftp users from 53 as part of the user Data startup script on each Instance.

F. Create a single 53 bucket with Requester Pays turned on and ask their customers to use an 53 client instead of an FTP client Create a bucket tor each customer with a Bucket Policy that permits access only to that one customer.

Correct Answer:A

Question 83

How can you secure data at rest on an EBS volume?

A. Attach the volume to an instance using EC2's SSL interface.

B. Write the data randomly instead of sequentially.

C. Encrypt the volume using the 53 server-side encryption service.

D. Create an IAM policy that restricts read and write access to the volume.

E. Use an encrypted file system on top of the EBS volum

Correct Answer:E
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/protect-your-data-with-new-ebs-encryption/

Question 84

AWS CIoudFormation is a service that helps you model and set up your Amazon Web Services resources so that you can spend less time managing those resources and more time focusing on your applications that run in AWS. You create a template that describes all the AWS resources that you want (like Amazon EC2 instances or Amazon RDS DB instances), and AWS CIoudFormation takes care of provisioning and configuring those resources for you. What formatting is required for this template?

A. JSON-formatted document

B. CSS-formatted document

C. XML-formatted document

D. HTML-formatted document

Correct Answer:A
You can write an AWS CIoudFormation template (a JSON-formatted document) in a text editor or pick an existing template. The template describes the resources you want and their settings. For example,
suppose you want to create an Amazon EC2. Your template can declare an instance Amazon EC2 and describe its properties, as shown in the following example:
{
"AWSTemp|ateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-O9",
"Description" : "A simple Amazon EC2 instance", "Resources" : {
"MyEC2Instance" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance", "Properties" : {
"Image|d" : "ami-2f726546", "|nstanceType" : "t1.micro"
}
}
}
}
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCIoudFormation/latest/UserGuide/cfn-whatis-howdoesitwork.html

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